For more information, contact Donald S. Parker, Kennedy Space Center, donald.s.parker@nasa.gov.
Background Aluminum 2219 is an age-hardenable, over-saturated, aluminum-copper alloy developed by Aluminum Company of America in 1954, for service up to 600 °F. aerospace applications include launch and space vehicles including space shuttle fuel tanks, and International Space Station human-rated pressurized modules.
Wang et al. who focused on homogenization, effectively used a temperature and time of 535 °C for 10 hours.
Scanning Electron Microscope images from a study examining aluminum 2219 with varying amounts of copper show change in the morphology of grain boundaries after homogenizing in Figure 1.
Recommendation/Guidance Homogenization after conventional direct chill casting is imperative to optimize the final properties of aluminum 2219 and should be explicitly included in procurement specifications.
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Background Aluminum 2219 is an age-hardenable, over-saturated, aluminum-copper alloy developed by Aluminum Company of America in 1954.
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The article, shortened and in plain language
For more information, contact Donald S. Parker, Kennedy Space Center, donald.s.parker@nasa.gov.
Improper casting and forging processes in the manufacture of aluminum alloy 2219 can lead to microstructural defects that result in a sub-optimal response to anodic surface treatments and an increase in corrosion susceptibility.
Background Aluminum 2219 is an age-hardenable, over-saturated, aluminum-copper alloy developed by Aluminum Company of America in 1954, for service up to 600 °F. aerospace applications include launch and space vehicles including space shuttle fuel tanks, and International Space Station human-rated pressurized modules.
Problem/Issue Description Casting 2219 aluminum alloy ingots is a specialized process used to manufacture large-scale structures that are later forged or rolled into final product forms.
Wang et al. who focused on homogenization, effectively used a temperature and time of 535 °C for 10 hours.
Several researchers showed that tools such as X-ray Diffraction or Differential Scanning Calorimetry are valuable tools for defining and verifying the homogenization step. Scanning Electron Microscope images from a study examining aluminum 2219 with varying amounts of copper show change in the morphology of grain boundaries after homogenizing in Figure 1.
The homogenized 2219 is superior.
Thermomechanical Deformation Mechanical deformation such as forging and rolling, followed by solution treatment and aging, have been shown to improve the aluminum 2219 microstructure by creating well distributed smaller-sized Al2Cu particles and smaller grains leading to improved and less anisotropic mechanical properties.
Recommendation/Guidance Homogenization after conventional direct chill casting is imperative to optimize the final properties of aluminum 2219 and should be explicitly included in procurement specifications.
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